Corrections & Retractions

Learning Nexus of Computing (LNC) is committed to preserving the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. Despite rigorous editorial screening and double-blind peer review, errors or ethical concerns may occasionally be identified before or after publication.

This policy outlines the procedures followed by the journal for issuing corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions when necessary. Editorial actions are taken fairly, transparently, and in accordance with internationally recognized publication ethics and best practices.

2. Purpose of the Policy

The objectives of this policy are to:

  • Maintain the integrity of the scholarly record.

  • Correct significant errors in published articles.

  • Address suspected or confirmed research misconduct.

  • Provide transparency in editorial decision-making.

  • Protect readers, authors, reviewers, and the scientific community.

  • Ensure compliance with internationally accepted publication ethics.

3. Scope

This policy applies to all content published in Learning Nexus of Computing, including:

  • Original Research Articles

  • Review Articles

  • Survey Papers

  • Technical Notes

  • Short Communications

  • Case Studies

  • Editorials

  • Special Issue Articles

  • Conference Proceedings (where applicable)

4. Corrections

A correction may be published when a significant error is identified that affects the accuracy or clarity of a published article but does not invalidate its overall findings or conclusions.

Examples include:

  • Typographical errors affecting interpretation.

  • Incorrect author affiliations.

  • Errors in author names.

  • Incorrect funding information.

  • Incorrect acknowledgements.

  • Errors in figures or tables that do not alter the scientific conclusions.

  • Minor metadata or citation errors.

Corrections are linked to the original article to ensure transparency.

5. Author-Initiated Corrections

Authors who discover an error in their published article should notify the Editorial Office as soon as possible.

The request should include:

  • Article title.

  • DOI (if applicable).

  • Detailed description of the error.

  • Proposed correction.

  • Supporting information where necessary.

The Editorial Office will evaluate the request before determining the appropriate editorial action.

6. Editorial Corrections

Editors may initiate corrections when errors are identified by reviewers, readers, editorial staff, or other reliable sources.

Where appropriate, authors will be consulted before publication of the correction.

7. Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be published when there is credible evidence suggesting that a published article may contain serious problems, but sufficient evidence is not yet available to justify a correction or retraction.

Examples include:

  • Ongoing investigations.

  • Suspected research misconduct.

  • Questions regarding data integrity.

  • Allegations of image manipulation.

  • Concerns regarding ethical approval.

  • Disputes relating to authorship.

An Expression of Concern serves to inform readers while the matter is under investigation.

8. Retractions

Retraction is reserved for cases where published work is demonstrated to be unreliable or where serious breaches of publication ethics have occurred.

Retraction may be considered in situations including:

  • Research misconduct.

  • Data fabrication.

  • Data falsification.

  • Plagiarism.

  • Duplicate publication.

  • Image manipulation affecting scientific conclusions.

  • Fraudulent peer review.

  • Unauthorized use of copyrighted material.

  • Serious ethical violations.

  • Invalid or unreliable research findings.

Retraction aims to correct the scholarly record rather than to punish authors.

9. Retraction Procedure

Before retracting an article, the Editorial Office will normally:

  • Conduct an editorial assessment.

  • Seek clarification from the corresponding author.

  • Review supporting evidence.

  • Consult reviewers or subject experts where appropriate.

  • Consider responses from all authors.

  • Follow established publication ethics procedures.

Following completion of the investigation, the Editor-in-Chief will determine the appropriate editorial action.

10. Retraction Notice

Where an article is retracted, the journal will publish a formal Retraction Notice.

The notice will normally include:

  • Article title.

  • Author(s).

  • Publication details.

  • Reason for retraction.

  • Date of retraction.

  • Reference to the original article.

Retraction notices are permanently linked to the original publication.

11. Article Status After Retraction

Retracted articles normally remain accessible as part of the permanent scholarly record.

The article will be clearly identified as Retracted to ensure transparency and to prevent further citation as reliable scientific evidence.

Removal of published articles will occur only in exceptional circumstances, such as legal requirements or court orders.

12. Reader Notification

Where appropriate, readers will be informed of significant editorial actions through:

  • Correction notices.

  • Retraction notices.

  • Expressions of Concern.

  • Updated article metadata.

  • Cross-referencing between notices and the original publication.

This approach helps preserve the integrity and transparency of the scholarly record.

13. Investigation Process

The Editorial Office may initiate an investigation when concerns are raised by:

  • Authors.

  • Reviewers.

  • Readers.

  • Editors.

  • Research institutions.

  • Funding agencies.

  • Other credible sources.

Investigations are conducted fairly, confidentially, and without bias.

Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond before a final decision is made.

14. Research Misconduct

Examples of research misconduct include, but are not limited to:

  • Plagiarism.

  • Duplicate publication.

  • Fabricated data.

  • Falsified data.

  • Manipulated images.

  • Fraudulent authorship.

  • Citation manipulation.

  • Peer-review manipulation.

  • Undisclosed conflicts of interest.

  • Submission of false ethical approval information.

Confirmed misconduct may result in rejection, correction, retraction, or notification of relevant institutions where appropriate.

15. Appeals

Authors may appeal an editorial decision relating to a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

Appeals should:

  • Be submitted in writing.

  • Clearly explain the basis of the appeal.

  • Include supporting evidence where appropriate.

The Editor-in-Chief will review the appeal, and the decision of the journal shall be considered final.

16. Transparency

Learning Nexus of Computing is committed to handling all post-publication issues in a transparent, objective, and timely manner.

Editorial actions are based solely on evidence, publication ethics, and the need to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.

17. Policy Review

This policy may be updated periodically to reflect changes in international publishing standards, ethical guidance, and editorial best practices.

The most recent version of this policy will always be available on the journal's official website.

18. Contact

Questions regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern should be directed to the Editorial Office through the official communication channels available on the Learning Nexus of Computing website.

The Editorial Office will provide guidance regarding post-publication issues and the implementation of this policy.